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  • Types of Steel Truss Frames & Their Key Differences

Types of Steel Truss Frames & Their Key Differences
Steel truss frames are categorized based on geometry, load transfer mechanisms, and application requirements. Here's a detailed breakdown of the main types and their distinguishing features:
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Types of Steel Truss Frames & Their Key Differences

Steel truss frames are categorized based on geometry, load transfer mechanisms, and application requirements. Here's a detailed breakdown of the main types and their distinguishing features:

1. Classification by Truss Geometry

(1) Planar Trusses (2D Structures)

TypeConfigurationBest Span RangeProsConsTypical Use Cases
WarrenEquilateral triangles (no verticals)20-100mLightweight, efficientRequires precise connectionsRoofs, pedestrian bridges
PrattDiagonals slope down to center30-150mGood for point loadsMore material than WarrenRailway bridges, cranes
HoweDiagonals slope up to center20-80mBetter for timber hybridsLess efficient than PrattHistoric/rehabilitated bridges
K-TrussDiagonal "K" patterns50-200mHigh lateral stabilityComplex fabricationTall towers, long-span bridges
FinkW-shaped web configuration10-30mQuick assemblyLimited span capacityResidential roofs

(2) Space Trusses (3D Structures)

TypeConfigurationKey Advantage
Double-Layer GridTwo parallel layers of planar trussesHandles multidirectional loads
PyramidalTetrahedral modulesMaximum stiffness-to-weight
Curved Space Frame3D arched configurationArchitectural appeal

2. Classification by Structural Function

TypeLoad Transfer MechanismUnique Feature
Through TrussDeck runs between truss elementsProtects deck from weather
Deck TrussDeck rests on top of trussSimpler construction
Half-ThroughDeck at mid-height of trussCompromise between above two
Cantilever TrussBalanced arms extend from supportsNo falsework during construction

3. Classification by Member Connection

Connection TypeMethodAdvantagesDisadvantages
BoltedHigh-strength boltsField-adjustable, easy QCSlower assembly
WeldedFull-penetration weldsSeamless load transferRequires skilled labor
HybridBolted+weld combinationsBalance of speed/strengthComplex detailing

4. Specialized Truss Variations

TypeDistinguishing FeatureEngineering Purpose
VierendeelNo diagonal members (rectangular)Architectural openings
LenticularLens-shaped profileAerodynamic efficiency
BaileyStandardized modular panelsRapid military deployment

Key Selection Factors

  1. Span Requirements:

    • Short spans (10-30m): Fink/Pratt

    • Medium spans (30-100m): Warren/K-truss

    • Long spans (100m+): Space trusses

  2. Load Conditions:

    • Uniform loads: Warren/Pratt

    • Point loads: Vierendeel/K-truss

    • Dynamic loads: Bolted connections

  3. Economic Considerations:

    • Low-cost: Standard Warren

    • High-performance: Space frames

  4. Aesthetic Needs:

    • Industrial look: Exposed Pratt

    • Modern design: Curved space frame

Comparative Analysis Table

ParameterWarren TrussPratt TrussSpace Truss
Max Span100m150m300m+
WeightMediumHeavyLightest
FabricationSimpleModerateComplex
Cost$$$$$$
AestheticsFunctionalFunctionalArchitectural

Industry Applications

  • Aviation: Long-span space trusses (airport terminals)

  • Energy: Pratt trusses (power line towers)

  • Infrastructure: Warren trusses (highway bridges)

  • Stadiums: Curved space frames (roof structures)


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jack@xingyasteel.com
+86 17305413116
+86 17305413116

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